The expectation is clear: stunning must be done effectively, humanely, and consistently, every time. 

This session offers a practical, non‑prescriptive overview of stunning methods used in animal care and handling programs. Attendees will receive an informational presentation on Diathermic Syncope® (DTS) an emerging innovative stunning technology organizations may choose to evaluate, along with an in‑depth discussion of firearm stunning as a routine operational practice. 

Drawing on operational experience and recent FSIS enforcement data, speakers will explore how equipment selection, muzzle energy, restraint, shot placement, and workforce training influence both animal welfare outcomes and regulatory exposure. The session is designed to support informed decision‑making, recognizing that adoption of any stunning method is optional and must align with each organization’s unique needs.