Explore new scientific insights into animal welfare across slaughter, stunning, and routine husbandry procedures. This session features research on health abnormalities in natural-program cattle, effectiveness of a prototype captive-bolt device for bison, objective behavioral and physiological indicators of castration pain in calves, and real-time heartrate responses during stunning and exsanguination. Attendees will gain a comprehensive, data-driven understanding of how animals respond during handling and slaughter, and how emerging tools can enhance welfare assessment and operational decision-making.